Main reform type Main reform type information data/monitoring/sensing minimums abolition minimums harm reduction maximums or caps (including minimums switched to maximums) taxes and levies other supply disincentives proof-of-parking sharing or making public parking management broadly design (includes markings and signage) bans or removal or repurposing enforcement pricing unbundling workplace pricing cash-out and similar permits kerbside access allocation engagement and sweeteners (such as parking benefit districts) other
Primary motivation Primary motivation orderly parking (usually for wider benefits too) safety placemaking/walkability lanes for bicycles buses etc mode shift or TDM fairness/social justice influence vehicle ownership revenue/anti-subsidy space efficiency enable housing or other infill Other Multiple Unknown
Main parking category main category Various On-street in mainly commercial streets On-street in mixed-use streets/areas On-street in mainly residential streets On-street (many contexts) On-street other Off-street city-owned open-to-the-public Off-street commercial open-to-the-public Off-street workplace Off-street residential Off-street retail Off-street various Off-street other City-owned (both on-street and off-street) Other
Main parking paradigm shift Main parking paradigm shift Helpful for park-once-and-walk approach Towards park-once-and-walk focus and away from on-site parking focus Away from excessive parking supply Towards more responsiveness to context/market Towards park-once-and-walk AND away from excessive supply Towards park-once-and-walk AND more responsiveness to context/market Away from excessive supply AND towards more responsiveness to context/market Promotes all three Adaptive Parking paradigm shifts Goes against one or two or all three Adaptive Parking shifts Unknown or unclear or not applicable or other
World Region Region East Asia and the Pacific South Asia Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa North America Latin America and the Caribbean
Key actor type Key actor type Local government Metropolitan government State/province National Government (any level) with private sector Private sector Civil society
Implementation state Implemented? Proposal (not yet decided) Adopted Plan Pilot or trial Implemented Implemented but under review Ended or reversed Superseded by better reform Unknown
Adaptive Parking thrust Adaptive Parking thrust R Relax about parking supply and stop boosting it E Engage with key stakeholders to ease their fears and offer value S Share parking more and even aim to make most of it open to the public P Price parking in the right ways and with the right rates for each place and time On On-street design control and enforcement D: Discourage. Limit parking supply in certain contexts Both P and On Two or more others Does not fit neatly into this framework/None of the above 